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Frontiers in Microbiology

HIV-1-Transmitted Drug Resistance and Transmission Clusters in Newly Diagnosed Patients in Portugal Between 2014 and 2019

The “Treatment for All” program was implemented in many countries with an aim to offer treatment and care to anyone diagnosed with HIV, regardless of the stage of infection (CD4 cell count). In Portugal, this program was implemented in 2015 [World Health Organiztion (WHO), 2021]. The widespread use and increased coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) […]
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Trends of Transmitted and Acquired Drug Resistance in Europe From 1981 to 2019: A Comparison Between the Populations of Late Presenters and Non-late Presenters

Background: The increased use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infected people but increasing levels of HIV drug resistance threatens the success of ART regimens. Conversely, late presentation can impact treatment outcomes, health costs, and potential transmission of HIV. Objective: To describe the patterns of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug […]
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HIV-1 Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters in newly diagnosed patients in Portugal between 2014 and 2019

Objective: To describe and analyze Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR) between 2014 and 2019 in newly infected HIV-1 patients in Portugal and to characterize its transmission networks. Methods: Clinical, socio-epidemiological and risk behavior data was collected from 820 newly diagnosed patients in Portugal between September 2014 and December 2019. Sequences obtained from drug resistance testing were […]
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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistant healthcare associated infections: the Microbiology Laboratory rocks!

This paper addresses the role and importance of the Microbiology Laboratory in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection and in Antibiotic Stewardship Programs and how it can be leveraged when combined with the use of information systems. Additionally, we critically review some challenges that the Microbiology Laboratory has to deal with, including the selection of analytic methods and the proper use of communication channels with other healthcare services.
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Enhancement of antibiotic activity by efflux inhibitors against multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Brazil

Drug resistant tuberculosis continues to increase and new approaches for its treatment are necessary. The identification of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates presenting efflux as part of their resistant phenotype has a major impact in tuberculosis treatment. In this work, we used a checkerboard procedure combined with the tetrazolium microplate-based assay (TEMA) to study single combinations between antituberculosis drugs and efflux inhibitors (EIs) against multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates using the fully susceptible strain H37Rv as reference.
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